The following is a quick guide to using German prepositions accurately.
In English, we always use an OBJECTIVE form after all prepositions:
with ME (not *with I), for HER (not *with SHE), to THEM (not *to THEY), etc.
It's the same in German, except you have two kinds of objective forms: Accusative and Dative. You will have both kinds of objects of prepositions. Some prepositions always use the Accusative forms and some always use Dative forms:
Prepositions ALWAYS followed by the Accusative: |
Accusative noun
phrases and
pronouns |
|
|
durch |
through; by means of |
den (masc noun), die
(fem noun), das (neut noun), die (plur
noun) einen (M.), eine
(F.), ein (N.), --- (pl.) |
|
für |
for |
|
|
gegen |
against |
|
|
ohne |
without |
|
|
um |
around |
|
|
bis |
until |
|
Prepositions ALWAYS followed by the Dative: |
Dative noun
phrases and
pronouns |
|
|
aus |
out of; from (place of origin) |
In the dative, der-words =
ein-words and masc. = neut. dem (masc noun), der
(fem noun), dem (neut noun), den (plur
noun)+n einem (M.), einer
(F.), einem (N.), --- (pl.)+n |
|
außer |
except, besides |
|
|
bei |
by, near; at (someone's house or place or business) |
|
|
mit |
with |
|
|
nach |
after; according to |
|
|
seit |
since, for (an amount of time now) |
|
|
von |
from; of; by (in the passive) |
|
|
zu |
to, toward; to (someone's house or place of business) |
|
|
gegenüber |
across from, opposite |
|
Nine prepositions use the accusative only if the phrase indicates movement toward a goal or destination, answering the question Where to? (Wohin?).
If the phrase indicates a location, use the dative, answering the question Where? (Wo?).
Meanings of AC/DC prepositions:
|
an |
on, onto (vertical surfaces); at, to (the edge of something) |
|
auf |
on (horizontal surfaces, including open spaces), on top
of; |
|
hinter |
behind |
|
über |
over, above |
|
unter |
under, underneath |
|
neben |
next to, beside |
|
zwischen |
between |
|
vor |
in front of, before |
|
in |
in, inside of, into |
|
|
WOHIN? Akkusativ |
WO? Dativ |
|
Accusative noun
phrases and
pronouns |
Dative noun
phrases and
pronouns |
|
den (M.), die (F.),
das (N.), die (pl.) einen (M.), eine
(F.), ein (N.), --- (pl.) |
dem (M.), der (F.),
dem (N.), den (pl.)+n einem (M.), einer
(F.), einem (N.), --- (pl.)+n |
WOHIN? Akkusativ |
WO? Dativ |