Concept Sheet: Motivation & Emotion
DGQ: Name theoretical approaches that explain how we come to experience emotions.  Be able to explain their similarities and differences!! 	
	
Motivation	Food-Cues	
Evolutionary Theory-	Taste Aversions	
Parental Investment Theory		
Biological Theories-	Achivement Motive	
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs		Expectancy-Value Model of Motivation	
	Physiological		Need for Achievement	
	Safety and Security		Feal of Failure	
	Belongingness & Love	Emotion	
	Esteem	Fight or flight- autonomic nervous system	
	Cognitive	Polygraphs	
	Aesthetic	6 Fundamental Emotions (Ekman)	
	Self-Actualization	Facial Feedback Hypothesis	
Hunger	Common Sense Theory	
Hypothalamus/Thalamus	James-Lange Theory	
Homeostasis	Cannon-Bard Theory	
Dual Centered Model	Schacter’s Two Factor Theory	
	Venteromedical Hypothalamus (LH)		
	Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)		
Insulin		
Leptin		
CONCEPT QUESTIONS:
1.	How do evolutionary theories of explain the motivations behind our behaviors?  Show you understand how a sociobiologist might explain the motivation for human greed.  How do they explain self sacrifice then?
2.	What are the levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?  Explain why it emphasizes the drive to fulfill biological needs first, then physiological needs?  What is self-actualization?
3.	What is a “drive”, and how do “drive reduction” theories of human motivation explain the “motives” behind human behavior?   How is the concept of “homeostasis” related to drive theory?  Give a couple basic behaviors that may be explained by this theory
4.	What is the Dual Centered Model of eating behavior? What are its parts and why is electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) important in understanding this model? What are a few problems with this model? What is ES of the LH thought to actually do in general (not just specifically)?
5.	What are three classes of environmental cues affecting eating behavior?
6.	Give at least 4 examples learned eating behaviors (i.e., learned preferences and habits).
7.	How does the parental investment theory (PIT) explain gender differences in behaviors/cognitions associated with sexual motivations? Be able to cite 3 conditions explains by PIT.
8.	What do scientifically rigorous twin studies and other wide-ranging surveys tell us about the nature of sexual orientation and the etiology of sexual orientation?
9.	How is "achieving behavior" associated with both personal and situationally motivated behavior.
10.	How does fear of failure illustrate the relationship between motivation and emotion?
11.	Name and give an example of the 3 components of emotion.
12.	In general, how does polygraph testing work?  What is the relationship between emotion and physiological change in the lie-detection process?  How well does it work?
13.	What is the facial feedback hypothesis?  How does this model of emotion work?
14.	Are emotions learned or innate?  Describe a few similarities and differences in the recognition and experience of emotions across cultures that help to answer the question of innateness of emotion.
15.	How did the “suspension bridge” study support Schacter’s two-factor model of emotion?