Chapter 11:  Personality

Personality
Trait (Trait Theory)
Allport
Five Factor Model
Psychodynamic Theory (Freud)
	Id 	Ego 	Super Ego
Pleasure Principle
Reality Principle
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
	Freudian Slips
Sex/Pleasure
Aggression
Anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
	Rationalization 	Projection 	Denial
	Repression 		Displacement
	Reaction Formation 	Regression
	Identification		Sublimination
Stage Theory of Personality
Psychosexual stages
DGQ: How did the Tellergen study (1988) demonstrate that basic personality is significantly influenced by genetic make-up?  What are the findings of this study, and how does the statistical concept of correlation contribute to Tellergen's conclusions?
	Oral 	Anal
	Phallic 	Latency
	Genital
Analytical-Psychology (Jung)
Collective Unconscious
	Archetypes
	Mandalas
Individual Psychology (Adler)
	Superiority	Compensation
	Inferiority Complex
	Overcompensation
Skinner
	Response Tendencies
Bandura						
	Social learning theory
		Observational Learning
		Role-Models
Person-Centered Theory (Rogers)
	Self-concept
	Self fulfilling prophecy
	Incongruence
	Conditional acceptance
	Unconditional acceptance
Eyesenck
	Tellergen, 1988
	Positive emotionality
	Negative emotionality
	Constraint
Projective Tests
	TAT	Rorschach
Key Questions: 
1.	Define personality and its relationship to personality traits.
2.	How does the concept of "stability" relate to the concept of "personality"? 
3.	What is the Five-Factor Model of personality?  Why is this a significant contribution to trait theory? Who has most strongly advocated this model.
4.	What are 3 characteristics of the psychodynamic approach to the concept of personality?
5.	Freud believed there were 3 structures that contributed to personality.  What were they, and what were their functions?  Which of these structures are we NOT born with?
6.	What is the pleasure principle, and how is primary process thinking related to this Freudian concept?
7.	What is the reality principle?  How does it relate to the Ego and secondary process thinking?

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8.	What are the three levels of awareness (as proposed by Freud)?
9.	Freud believed that our personality was born from ongoing conflicts among the personality structures.  What were the two natural "drives" that fueled these conflicts?  Why did Freud believe it was these drives as opposed to other natural drives that were important in the personality process?
10.	What is "Anxiety" in Freudian terms?  What are 2 basic reasons for development of anxiety according to Freud.
11.	What a defense mechanism?  Name 9 defense mechanisms.  Define each and describe an example of each.
12.	What are the 5 psychosexual stages?  Describe the hypothetical source of pleasure, and key challenge at each stage?  Where does the Oedipal complex fit in here?
13.	Name the two other psychodynamic personality theorists?  How did their theories differ slightly from Freud'?  What were the major conceptual contributions of each of these theorists.
14.	How did Skinner explain personality?  How did his concept of "response tendencies" relate to his theory?
15.	Bandura suggested that stable behaviors are learned by the "active seeking of information on how to behave".  How is this different from Skinner's approach?  Why did Bandura think that individuals we "like" are particularly important in establishing these stable behaviors?  What did he call these influential people?
16.	What personality structure did Carl Rogers conceptualize?  How does conditional acceptance by one's parents lead to "incongruence" in this structure, and potentially personality disorder?
17.	What are two projective tests? According to the projective hypothesis, how do these tests tell us something about the individual who is tested?