Chapter 12:  Stress, Coping and Emotion

TERMS:
Medical Model
Contagious diseases
George Engel
Biopsychosocial Model
Chronic disease
Health psychology
Stress
Conditions causing Stress
	Life change
		Holmes & Rahe
		SRRS
		Major Events/Daily Hassles
Response to Stress
	Arousal/Performance Relationships
		Inverted U-Hypothesis
		Effects of task complexity
Physiology of Stress
	Homeostasis (not in book)
	Hans Selye
	Nonspecific response
	General Adaptation Syndrome
		Alarm
		Resistance
		Exhaustion
Physiological Pathways
	Sympathetic activation (Fast)
		Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
		"Adrenaline"
	Endocrine Activation (Slow)
Stress and Health
	Psychosomatic Disease
	Weak Links
Type A Personality
	Friedman & Rosenman
Type B Personality
Hardy Personality (Kobassa)
	Commitment 
	Control
	Challenge
Personality and Disease
	Type A vs. Type B
Hardy vs. Non-Hardy
Coping with Stress
	Emotion Focused
Self-indulgent
	Constructive Coping (Problem Focused)
	Giving-Up
		Learned Helplessness
	Repressive Coping
Stress Moderators
	Social Support
		Social Networks
		Instrumental support
		Emotional Support
Stress Management
	The Relaxation Response
	Physical Activity		
Humor

Chap. 13:“Dead Give Away” QUESTION
Name and explain the 3 parts of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).  How do "weak links" relate to this model of stress?

Concept Questions:
1.	What changes in the mortality rates led George Engel to propose the ‘biopsychosocial model” of illness/disease?  How did this model differ from the medical model?  How do contagious and chronic disease figure into this model of disease?
2.	What were the leading causes of death and disease at the turn of the century, and what about today (1998)?
3.	What is the focus of health psychology, and how does stress fit into this area of psychology?
4.	What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?  Who created it?  What does it measure? How is it associated with stress?
5.	What are three problems with the SRRS?
6.	How is stress (arousal) related to performance?  How does “task complexity” effect this relationship?
7.	Who first coined the term "stress"?  What was meant by term "Nonspecificity"? 
8.	What are the two physiological pathways of stress?  Which is faster? Slower? Which is more damaging over the long run?
9.	What is meant by “psychosomatic disease”.  How does it differ from somatization disorder?
10.	What 2 cardiologists proposed the notion of a Type A personality?  How did they first come up with this concept? (IN CLASS ONLY QUESTION)
11.	What are six characteristics of Type A personalities?
12.	What are the characteristics of Type B Personality and the Hardy Personality, respectively? What have studies shown with regards to health outcomes when these “stress resistant” personalities” to “stress prone personalities”?
13.	Briefly, what did 2 studies that looked at the effects of stress on the immune system of college students find? 
14.	What are the four coping styles discussed in class?
15.	Social support is thought to moderate stress.  What is at social support network?  What is instrumental support?  What is emotional support?
16.	What are four conditions necessary for obtaining a “Relaxation Response”?
17.	How is humor thought to reduce the experience of stress?