Spa 2225-F08

Guide to Final Exam

  1. Basics:
    1. What are the rules for dividing a word into syllables?
    2. How do you find the naturally accented syllable of a word? (Review)
    3. When do you use “por” versus “para” in Spanish?
    4. What are all of the prepositions of place we have learned?
  2. Grammatical Morphology:
    1. Are you able to describe the grammatical components (parts of speech) and grammatical structure (morphology) of a sentence in Spanish?
    2. Can you distinguish between simple, compound, and complex sentences?
    3. Can you diagram sentences? 
    4. Are you able to recognize the different phrase structures of a sentence (for example, adjective clauses, adverbial clauses, noun clauses, and prepositional phrases)?  
    5. What is the defining difference between complex clauses and prepositional phrases?  
    6. How can you test your conclusions?
  3. Noun-Adjective Agreement:
    1. What special rules and relationships have you learned about adjectives and nouns as they are used in context in Spanish?  
    2. In particular, how important is agreement in Spanish and how does it work?  
    3. What editing methods have you learned that are geared to finding agreement errors?  
    4. Where do you place adjectives and why? 
    5. Does the placement of an adjective carry any ideological message?  
    6. Which adjectives have special shortened forms and how does placement affect them?  
    7. Which adjectives have genderless forms? 
    8. Have you studied all the common adjective suffixes used to indicate nationality?  
  4. Numbers: 
    1. Can you to spell any number between 1 and a billion? 
    2. What special rules apply to numbers when we use them as adjectives?
  5. Interrogative words:
    1. How many question words are there?  
    2. Which question words in English have more than one equivalent in Spanish?  
    3. How do you distinguish between these multiple equivalencies?
  6. Possession:
    1. How do you designate possession in Spanish besides using the preposition “de”?  
    2. Which of the two methods places extra “subjective emphasis” on the possession?  
    3. How do possessive adjectives work in terms of gender and number agreement?
  7. Complements:
    1. What are direct object pronouns?   
    2. How do they differ from indirect object pronouns and subject pronouns?  
    3. What kind of verb do you need in a sentence in order to use a direct or indirect object pronoun? 
    4. What questions to you use to distinguish between a direct object and an indirect object?
    5. Where do you place direct and indirect pronouns in a sentence that is a command?
    6. Where do you place them in a sentence with a compound verb?
    7. How do you construct a sentence with a double object pronoun? 
    8. How do compound verbs affect pronoun placement?  
    9. Do we need to do anything special with commands and object pronouns?
  8. Passive Voice:
    1. What is the passive voice? 
    2. How many different forms exist in Spanish?  
    3. When do you use each of them?  Why?  
    4. What do you need to do to create a passive sentence from an active sentence for each form? 
    5. What happens to these sentences if the active verb is in the preterit versus imperfect? 
    6. Can you create passive sentences in all the verb tenses?
  9. Impersonal Voice:
    1. What is the difference between the passive voice and the impersonal voice?
    2. How do they differ in grammatical form?
  10. No-fault Sentences:
    1. What is the “no fault” verb structure? 
    2. When would you use this in real life?
  11. Subjunctive:
    1. What conditions in the independent clause will force the nominal clause to be conjugated in the subjunctive tense?
    2. Which verbs will usually be found in the independent clause that precedes a nominal subjunctive clause?
    3. What conditions in the independent clause will force the adjectival clause to be conjugated in the subjunctive tense?
    4. Which words are important to identify in the independent clause that precedes an adjectival subjunctive clause?
    5. How many subordinate conjunctions have we learned that create adverbial clauses?
    6. Can you translate all of the adverbial conjunctions we have learned into English? 
    7. Under what conditions do you use the subjunctive in an adverbial clause?
    8. Can you form the past subjunctive?
    9. Do any of the rules you learned regarding when to use the subjunctive differ in the past tense?
    10. When DO you and when do you NOT use the subjunctive in SI constructions?
    11. Is it possible to create a subjunctive expression using mixed periods of time?
    12. What are the general rules used to create mix-time subjunctive sentences?
  12. Verbs:
    1. Can you create an adjective from a verb (review the formation of regular and irregular past participles)?
    2. Have you been drilling your present tense verbs?  
    3. Does this include all of the stem-changing and irregular verbs?  
    4. Can you create a noun from a verb?  
    5. When do you use a “gerund” in Spanish versus English?  
    6. How do you use the gerund in sentences with simultaneous actions?
    7. How many idiomatic expressions can be created with the verb TENER?
    8. When do you use the verb SER versus ESTAR?
    9. How does SER or ESTAR change the meaning of adjectives like "verde"?  (here)
    10. When do you use the verb HABER as "hay", "hubo", "habrá", or "había"?
    11. What is the past participle?
    12. How can the past participle be used?
    13. What are the irregular forms of the past perfect?
    14. When the past participle is used with the HABER helping verb, does it function like an adjective?
    15. When the past participle is used with the ESTAR/SER helping verbs, does it function like an adjective?
    16. How do you form the "present perfect" and the "pluscuamperfect"?
    17. When do you use each of the perfect verb conjugations?
    18. How do you form the imperfect tense?
    19. How many irregular verb forms are there?
    20. When do you use the imperfect tense?
    21. How do you form the preterit tense?
    22. How many semi-irregular and irregular forms are there?
    23. What are the semi-irregular stems? (here)
    24. When do you use the preterit tense?
    25.  Can you create formal commands (UD or UDS)? 
    26.  Can you create informal commands (TÚ or VOSOTROS)?
    27. How do the positive informal commands differ from the negative informal commands?
    28. Where do you place pronouns in positive commands versus negative commands?
    29. What are reflexive verbs and how do you conjugate them (1, 2)?
    30. How do you create a reciprocal reflexive verb?
    31. Can you use reflexive verbs in a non-reflexive sentence?
    32. When does “se” not represent a reflexive pronoun?